Answer: The Shulchan Aruch (YD 244:1) writes
that there is a mitzva mideoraisa to stand for a talmid chacham
or anyone over seventy. R’ Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daas 3:70) writes that if one
isn’t sure if one is seventy yet, they need to stand regardless, following the
rule of safek deoraisa lechumra, that we are strict with regards to
doubts of Torah laws.
The Shulchan Aruch (YD 244:11) writes that if a talmid
chacham walks in while one is learning, one should interrupt their learning
to stand up for them. The Aruch Hashulchan (YD 244:7) explains that this
is no different to other mitzvos which one is supposed to interrupt
their learning for.
The Mishna (2:1) and Shulchan Aruch (OC 66:1) discuss when
one can interrupt during shema and its surrounding berachos for
important reasons. The Magen Avraham (66:1) and Mishna Berura (66:2) write
however, that this doesn’t really apply nowadays, and we don’t interrupt the shema
to speak to anybody.
R’ Eliezer Waldenberg (Tzitz Eliezer 14:10), however,
writes that the reason that one who is learning should stand is because one
should be able to do so without properly interrupting their learning.
Nonetheless, he writes that while one should stand during their davening,
one shouldn’t if they are reciting the shema.
Nonetheless, R’ Moshe Sternbuch (Teshuvos Vehanhagos 4:22)
writes that one should stand even while saying the shema especially as
it is unlikely that it will stop one’s concentration (See Shevet Halevi
6:146:4). Similarly, the Ben Ish Chai (Ki Seitzei 2:15) writes that as
honouring a talmid chacham is essentially honouring Hashem, one should
stand even in the middle of the shema.
In conclusion, one must stand up when a Rav or elderly
person passes them even if one is davening and even while saying the shema
providing it won’t disturb them.
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