Learning During Chazaras Hashatz

Question: May one learn during chazaras hashatz?

Answer: The Gemara (Rosh Hashana 34b) teaches that the chazzan repeats the amida to enable those unfamiliar with the text to fulfil their obligation of tefilla. This enactment, established by the sages, applies even if everyone present is capable of davening independently. Accordingly, the Shulchan Aruch (OC 124:1; 3) rules that the chazzan must repeat the amida aloud to ensure that everyone, especially those unable to recite it themselves, can fulfil their obligation.

While most people today are capable of davening on their own, the Kaf Hachaim (OC 124:2) emphasises that chazaras hashatz holds even greater significance than the silent amida. The Mishna Berura (124:17) rules that one must not recite other tefillos or engage in learning during chazaras hashatz, even if they continue answering ‘amen’. This restriction aims to prevent others from mistakenly thinking that speaking or learning during this time is permissible. Additionally, the Mishna Berura (125:1) permits silent Torah contemplation (hirhur) during chazaras hashatz, except during kedusha, which demands full attention.

The Shulchan Aruch (OC 124:4) mandates that the tzibbur must remain completely silent, with at least nine men fully attentive to the berachos and responding ‘amen’. R’ Moshe Feinstein (Igros Moshe OC 4:19) emphasises that failing to listen attentively to chazaras hashatz forfeits one’s participation in the minyan during that time.

The Magen Avraham (124:8), Shulchan Aruch Harav (OC 124:6) and Ba’er Heitev (OC 124:4) cite differing opinions on whether individuals who learn during chazaras hashatz, even while answering amen, should be actively discouraged. However, the Kaf Hachaim (OC 124:16) strongly opposes such behaviour, advising against even silent Torah contemplation during this time (see Rivevos Ephraim 5:61).

In conclusion, one must refrain from learning Torah during chazaras hashatz, including silent Torah thoughts.