Answer: The Gemara (Shabbos 51a) teaches that the issur
of hatmana, insulating foods on Shabbos, only applies to the pots in
which the food was cooked, though not to any container into which the food is
dispensed. As one knowingly cools the food by transferring the food, it is
unlikely that one will then heat the food. Rashi explains that by transferring
the food, one demonstrates that they don’t mind if the food loses a little bit
of its heat. One would, therefore, be able to insulate the second container.
Rambam (Shabbos 4:5) explains that chazal only prohibited insulating the
food in the pot in which it was cooked. The Shulchan Aruch (OC 257:5) follows
Rambam.
R’ Moshe Feinstein (Igros Moshe OC 1:95) writes that according to
Rashi, one may not be allowed to transfer hot food into a thermos as one
clearly does want to retain the heat. Nonetheless, as the Shulchan Aruch and
others follow Rambam, one may use a thermos. Likewise, the Chazon Ish (Shabbos
37:32) and R’ Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Minchas Shlomo 2:8:1) allow one to use a
thermos flask writing that hatmana is specifically using towels and
blankets, etc. to insulate. Accordingly, even Rashi would allow one to use a
thermos flask.
R’ Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer OC 1:14) and R’ Eliezer Waldenberg (Tzitz
Eliezer 11:29) quote R’ Shmuel Wosner who challenges the Chazon Ish, writing
that he saw poskim who wouldn’t fill thermos flasks, though they both
disagree with R’ Wosner’s challenge.
In conclusion, one may fill a thermos flask with hot water from a
Shabbos kettle on Shabbos.
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